Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
PH. D. student of architecture, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2
Associate professor, Department of Architecture, Facultu of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/scart.2024.140035.1403
Abstract
As the most important type of building, the house has always had a special place in the eyes of architects and experts, and it has been discussed from different perspectives. From a long time ago, in the design of traditional houses in Iran, attention to the issue of climate and social and economic developments have been considered important factors in architecture. Residential architecture in the contemporary era has inevitably changed its shape under the influence of several factors, including the change of traditional to modern construction methods, and has moved from traditional introversion to modernist extroversion. In the historical neighborhoods of Mashhad, there are valuable houses that have been destroyed due to lifestyle changes, central tissue development plans, multiple owners, and migration of residents. Since the purpose of this article is to revive the lost patterns of residential architecture, the architecture of the houses of Mashhad during the Qajar period were investigated and evaluated and analyzed. Returning to the native housing patterns of Mashhad, examining the application of Iranian values in the spatial arrangement, and reviving and re-creating this forgotten tradition, is the ultimate goal of the present project. The first step in achieving this goal is documenting the houses and collecting the necessary information in the form of photos, maps, and using written and oral sources. The research method in this study is a combination of interpretive-historical methods and case study, which was based on field observation, library studies and oral interviews to collect and analyze information about the houses of Mashhad. The current research focuses on the architecture of the historical houses of the Qajar period in Mashhad city, to recognize and typology of these houses and seeks to answer the main question, how was the spatial system of the traditional houses of Mashhad in the Qajar period formed? The findings of the research indicate that the houses of Mashhad are built with the architectural characteristics of cold and semi-arid climate, mainly introverted, and they can be classified based on the characteristics of the architectural space and the way the space is arranged around the yard. Many features of Mashhad's houses have somehow been coordinated with cultural, religious, economic and climatic variables. However, physical and spatial changes were made in the residential architecture of Mashhad during the Qajar period.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)