Representation of the sacred in Renaissance paintings (Case study: Raphael's works)

The central issue of the current research is to understand and analyze the motifs, motifs, motifs, perspective and themes of Raphael's works, in order to reveal the worldview and utopias of the advanced Renaissance era. The current research is carried out in the framework of qualitative methodology and specifically by using a model of social semiotics developed by Kress and Lyon. Based on the purposeful sampling method, two examples of Raphael's most prominent works, namely "School of Athens" and "Collection of Madonnas" were selected. The results of the research show that in the first work, Raphael succeeded in grounding the most sacred philosophical ideas of his time by using a precise perspective in the form of a mural and created a work that is a full-fledged embodiment of the classical spirit of the era. be the peak of the renaissance. And in the collection of "Madonnas", by sticking to his artistic techniques, without sacrificing order and balance, he showed extraordinary mastery in the arrangement of figures and in composition, which resulted in the representation of a face of Mary. As a symbol of the Holy One who descends from the throne to present that precious child to us. Even the angels who are represented at the bottom of the picture are located somewhere between the space of this world and the space of the kingdom, and their function is for the audience to bridge the gap between this world and the next world with their help.