Beloved of Saadie's sonnets: The identity and class implications of his distance selection

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student in Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj. Iran.

2 Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

In the Persian Lyrical genre, the relationship between the lover and beloved has varied into different forms from the beginning to now. This relationship seems too distant and unusual in classic Persian odes, while the situation of the subjects must be discovered in the concept of their social class, which is hidden in the context. Explaining this issue requires finding the implication of the textual agents’ actions and situations as the lifestyle and the separation of their identity and social classes. Based on this, in addition to explaining the aspects of spacing between the lover and beloved, the reasons for their spacing are interpreted, based on the opinions of some philosophers of cultural studies, anthropology of space, and sociology of the body, considering the social-cultural background of creating the text, in Saadi's ghazal. The result shows that in Saadi's ghazal, the beloved's lifestyle can be classified into three levels: belongings and possessions, state of physical activity, and actions, as her class and personal and social distance symptoms. All three levels are graded refusals, which appear as a form of natural or stilted superiority by beloved: starts from a mild and relatively implicit form, i.e. displaying assets and expressing specific body gestures or an apparent refusal that arises from defensive actions - forms of disregard- and continue in its violent and aggressive form under all kinds of spoliation. Spoliation in the Turk governors' culture or bondman and bondwoman is assumed as the example of identity and social class dignity and honor and a sign of natural or stilted convenience.

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