نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The authoritarian modernization of the Pahlavi era entered a different and important period in the history of modern Iran with the implementation of land reforms in the 1940s. Apart from the profound effects that this project had on the class structure, urban-rural relations, and power relations, its impact on cultural modernization processes in different regions of Iran is very important. Therefore, this research studies the historical development of cultural modernization after land reforms in the eastern regions of Gilan province. Cultural modernization after land reforms was a complex and multi-layered process that was influenced by the interaction between government policies, economic developments, and local socio-cultural dynamics. The research method of this study is a historical-analytical approach that analyzes the cultural processes resulting from these reforms using historical documents, library resources, and field data. The results show that land reforms in this region, in addition to changes in the land ownership system and production relations, paved the way for profound cultural changes such as increased literacy levels, changes in livelihood patterns, expansion of connections with cities, and gradual acceptance of modern values. In this process, the role of educational institutions, the media, and migrations resulting from economic changes has been important in the formation of new cultural patterns. However, this cultural renewal has been accompanied by challenges such as the weakening of some local traditions, generational gaps, and changes in social identity. The goal of land reforms in the eastern regions of Gilan province in the 1940s, as implemented at the Burton Conference and also based on one of the basic principles of the Truman Four Principles in 1941, was to transfer land in equal amounts to farmers along with the payment of compensation or land prices to the peasants. As a result of achieving this goal, the owners of new industries and the comprador bourgeoisie and large landowners became the new upper classes, and new forms of capitalist exploitation, in individual and collective forms, replaced the previous forms of exploitation, namely the lord-serf system. The result of this was an unprecedented increase in the rate of migration to cities, the rapid expansion of marginalization around metropolitan areas, and a fundamental transformation of the demographic composition of most Iranian cities, including the cities of Gilan Province.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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